Poland
| Government | |
| Name | Republic of Poland |
| Polish | Rzeczpospolita Polska |
| Government type | parliamentary republic |
| Capital | Warsaw (1,777,972 (2018)) |
| Currency | Polish złoty (PLN) |
| People | |
| Population (2020) | 37,846,605 (37th) |
| Density of population | 123 P/km2 (83rd) |
| Nationality | Pole |
| Official languages | |
| Polish | |
| Ethnic groups (2011) | |
| Polish | 96.9% |
| Silesian | 1.1% |
| German | 0.2% |
| Ukrainian | 0.1% |
| other and unspecified | 1.7% |
| Religions (2017) | |
| Catholic | 85.9% |
| Roman Catholic | 85.6% |
| Greek Catholic, Armenian Catholic, and Byzantine-Slavic Catholic | 0.3% |
| Orthodox (almost all are Autocephalous Orthodox) | 1.3% |
| Protestant (mainly Augsburg Evangelical and Pentacostal) | 0.4% |
| other | 0.4% |
| unspecified | 12.1% |
| Life expectancy (2020) | |
| Male | 74.5 years |
| Female | 82.3 years |
| Total population | 78.3 years (69th) |
| Homicides | |
| Total (2018) | 0.7 per 100,000 people (151st) |
| Geography | |
| Land area | 304,255 km2 |
| water area | 8,430 km2 |
| total area | 312,685 km2 (71st) |
| Mean elevation | 173 m |
| Lowest point | |
| near Raczki Elblaskie | –2 m |
| Highest point | |
| Rysy | 2,499 m |
| Land use (2011) | |
| Agricultural land | 48.2% |
| Arable land | 36.2% |
| Permanent crops | 1.3% |
| Permanent pasture | 10.7% |
| Forest | 30.6% |
| Other | 21.2% |
| Urbanization | |
| Urban population (2020) | 60% |
| Rate of urbanization | -0.25% annual rate of change (2015 – 2020) |
| Economy | |
| Labor force (2017) | 17.6 million (35th) |
| Labor force by occupation (2015) | |
| Agriculture | 11.5% |
| Industry | 30.4% |
| Services | 57.6% |
| Unemployment rate (2017) | 4.9% (70th) |
| GDP (PPP) (estimate 2020) | |
| Total | $1.353 trillion (22nd) |
| Per capita | $35,651 (43rd) |
| GDP (nominal) (estimate 2020) | |
| Total | $607 billion (20th) |
| Per capita | $15,988 (54th) |
| GDP by sector (estimate 2017) | |
| Agriculture | 2.4% |
| Industry | 40.2% |
| Services | 57.4% |
| Exports (2017) | $224.6 billion (23rd) |
| Exports partners (2017) | |
| Germany | 27.4% |
| Czech Republic | 6.4% |
| UK | 6.4% |
| France | 5.6% |
| Italy | 4.9% |
| Netherlands | 4.4% |
| Imports (2017) | $223.8 billion (23rd) |
| Imports partners (2017) | |
| Germany | 27.9% |
| China | 8% |
| Russia | 6.4% |
| Netherlands | 6% |
| Italy | 5.3% |
| France | 4.2% |
| Czech Republic | 4% |
Poland on the world map
Poland top 10 largest cities (2018)
- Warsaw (1,777,972)
- Kraków (771,069)
- Łódź (685,285)
- Wrocław (640,648)
- Poznań (536,438)
- Gdańsk (466,631)
- Szczecin (402,465)
- Bydgoszcz (350,178)
- Lublin (339,682)
- Białystok (297,459)
Demography
Population pyramid
Age structure data
Estimate for 2020:
- 0-14 years: 14.83% (male 2,918,518/female 2,756,968)
- 15-24 years: 9.8% (male 1,928,637/female 1,823,894)
- 25-54 years: 43.33% (male 8,384,017/female 8,203,646)
- 55-64 years: 13.32% (male 2,424,638/female 2,675,351)
- 65 years and over: 18.72% (male 2,867,315/female 4,299,341)
Remark: the age structure of a population affects a nation’s key socioeconomic issues. Countries with young populations (high percentage under age 15) need to invest more in schools, while countries with older populations (high percentage ages 65 and over) need to invest more in the health sector. The age structure can also be used to help predict potential political issues. For example, the rapid growth of a young adult population unable to find employment can lead to unrest.
Population from 1950 to 2020
Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2019). World Population Prospects 2019, Online Edition. Rev. 1.
Evolution of the life expectancy from 1960 to 2018
Source: World Development Indicators, The World Bank
Economy
Agriculture:
potatoes, fruits, vegetables, wheat, poultry, eggs, pork, dairy
Industries:
machine building, iron and steel, coal mining, chemicals, shipbuilding, food processing, glass, beverages, textiles
Exports – commodities (2012):
machinery and transport equipment 37.8%, intermediate manufactured goods 23.7%, miscellaneous manufactured goods 17.1%, food and live animals 7.6%
Imports – commodities (2011):
machinery and transport equipment 38%, intermediate manufactured goods 21%, chemicals 15%, minerals, fuels, lubricants, and related materials 9%
Time zone and current time in Poland
Go to our interactive map to get the current time in Poland