Romania
| Government | |
| Name | Romania |
| Romanian | România |
| Government type | semi-presidential republic |
| Capital | Bucharest (1,883,425 (2011)) |
| Currency | Romanian leu (RON) |
| People | |
| Population (2020) | 19,237,682 (61st) |
| Density of population | 84.4 P/km2 (117th) |
| Nationality | Romanian |
| Official languages | |
| Romanian | |
| Ethnic groups (2011) | |
| Romanian | 83.4% |
| Hungarian | 6.1% |
| Romani | 3.1% |
| Ukrainian | 0.3% |
| German | 0.2% |
| other | 0.7% |
| unspecified | 6.1% |
| note: Romani populations are usually underestimated in official statistics and may represent 5–11% of Romania’s population | |
| Religions (2011) | |
| Eastern Orthodox | 81.9% |
| Protestant | 6.4% |
| Roman Catholic | 4.3% |
| other | 0.9% |
| none or atheist | 0.2% |
| unspecified | 6.3% |
| Life expectancy (2020) | |
| Male | 72.6 years |
| Female | 79.7 years |
| Total population | 76 years (107th) |
| Homicides | |
| Total (2018) | 1.3 per 100,000 people (125th) |
| Geography | |
| Land area | 229,891 km2 |
| water area | 8,500 km2 |
| total area | 238,391 km2 (84th) |
| Mean elevation | 414 m |
| Lowest point | |
| Black Sea | 0 m |
| Highest point | |
| Moldoveanu | 2,544 m |
| Land use (2011) | |
| Agricultural land | 60.7% |
| Arable land | 39.1% |
| Permanent crops | 1.9% |
| Permanent pasture | 19.7% |
| Forest | 28.7% |
| Other | 10.6% |
| Urbanization | |
| Urban population (2020) | 54.2% |
| Rate of urbanization | -0.38% annual rate of change (2015 – 2020) |
| Economy | |
| Labor force (2017) | 8.951 million (54th) |
| Labor force by occupation (2014) | |
| Agriculture | 28.3% |
| Industry | 28.9% |
| Services | 42.8% |
| Unemployment rate (2017) | 4.9% (71st) |
| GDP (PPP) (estimate 2020) | |
| Total | $576.946 billion (40th) |
| Per capita | $29,555(54th) |
| GDP (nominal) (estimate 2020) | |
| Total | $261.868 billion (46th) |
| Per capita | $13,414 (57th) |
| GDP by sector (estimate 2017) | |
| Agriculture | 4.2% |
| Industry | 33.2% |
| Services | 62.6% |
| Exports (2017) | $64.58 billion (45th) |
| Exports partners (2017) | |
| Germany | 23% |
| Italy | 11.2% |
| France | 6.8% |
| Hungary | 4.7% |
| UK | 4.1% |
| Imports (2017) | $78.12 billion (43rd) |
| Imports partners (2017) | |
| Germany | 20% |
| Italy | 10% |
| Hungary | 7.5% |
| Poland | 5.5% |
| France | 5.3% |
| China | 5% |
| Netherlands | 4% |
Romania on the world map
Romania top 10 largest cities (2011)
- Bucharest (1,883,425)
- Cluj-Napoca (324,576)
- Timișoara (319,279)
- Iași (290,422)
- Constanța (283,872)
- Craiova (269,506)
- Brașov (253,200)
- Galați (249,342)
- Ploiești (209,945)
- Oradea (196,367)
Demography
Population pyramid
Age structure data
Estimate for 2020:
- 0-14 years: 14.12% (male 1,545,196/female 1,463,700)
- 15-24 years: 10.31% (male 1,126,997/female 1,068,817)
- 25-54 years: 46.26% (male 4,993,886/female 4,860,408)
- 55-64 years: 11.73% (male 1,176,814/female 1,322,048)
- 65 years and over: 17.58% (male 1,516,472/female 2,228,555)
Remark: the age structure of a population affects a nation’s key socioeconomic issues. Countries with young populations (high percentage under age 15) need to invest more in schools, while countries with older populations (high percentage ages 65 and over) need to invest more in the health sector. The age structure can also be used to help predict potential political issues. For example, the rapid growth of a young adult population unable to find employment can lead to unrest.
Population from 1950 to 2020
Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2019). World Population Prospects 2019, Online Edition. Rev. 1.
Evolution of the life expectancy from 1960 to 2018
Source: World Development Indicators, The World Bank
Economy
Agriculture:
wheat, corn, barley, sugar beets, sunflower seed, potatoes, grapes, eggs, sheep
Industries:
electric machinery and equipment, auto assembly, textiles and footwear, light machinery, metallurgy, chemicals, food processing, petroleum refining, mining, timber, construction materials
Exports – commodities:
machinery and equipment, other manufactured goods, agricultural products and foodstuffs, metals and metal products, chemicals, minerals and fuels, raw materials
Imports – commodities:
machinery and equipment, other manufactured goods, chemicals, agricultural products and foodstuffs, fuels and minerals, metals and metal products, raw materials
Time zone and current time in Romania
Go to our interactive map to get the current time in Romania