Italy

Government
Name	Italian Republic
Italian	Repubblica Italiana
Government type	Parliamentary republic
Capital	Rome (2,872,021 (2014))
Currency	Euro (EUR)
People
Population (2020)	60,461,828 (23rd)
Density of population	201.3 P/km² (63rd)
Nationality	Italian
Official languages
Italian
Ethnic groups (2017)
Italian	91.5%
Others	8.5%
Religions (2010)
Christian (overwhelmingly Roman Catholic with very small groups of Jehovah’s Witnesses and Protestants)	83.3%
Muslim	3.7%
Unaffiliated	12.4%
Other	0.6%
Life expectancy (2020)
Male	79.8 years
Female	85.3 years
Total population	82.5 years (17th)
Homicides
Total (2018)	0.6 per 100,000 people (159th)
Geography
Land area	294,140 km²
water area	7,200 km²
total area	301,340 km² (73rd)
Mean elevation	538 m
Lowest point
Mediterranean Sea	0 m
Highest point
Mont Blanc (Monte Bianco) de Courmayeur (a secondary peak of Mont Blanc)	4,748 m
Land use (2011)
Agricultural land	47.1%
Arable land	22.8%
Permanent crops	8.6%
Permanent pasture	15.7%
Forest	31.4%
Other	21.5%
Urbanization
Urban population (2020)	71%
Rate of urbanization	0.29% annual rate of change (2015 – 2020)
Economy
Labor force (2017)	25.94 million (24th)
Labor force by occupation (2011)
Agriculture	3.9%
Industry	28.3%
Services	67.8%
Unemployment rate (2017)	11.3% (153rd)
GDP (PPP) (estimate 2019)
Total	$2.443 trillion (12th)
Per capita	$40,470 (33rd)
GDP (nominal) (estimate 2019)
Total	$1.989 trillion (8th)
Per capita	$32,947 (25th)
GDP by sector (estimate 2017)
Agriculture	2.1%
Industry	23.9%
Services	73.9%
Exports (2017)	$496.3 billion (9th)
Exports partners (2017)
Germany	12.5%
France	10.3%
US	9%
Spain	5.2%
UK	5.2%
Switzerland	4.6%
Imports (2017)	$432.9 billion (13th)
Imports partners (2017)
Germany	16.3%
France	8.8%
China	7.1%
Netherlands	5.6%
Spain	5.3%
Belgium	4.5%

Italy on the world map

Italy top 10 largest cities (2014)

Rome (2,872,021)
Milan (1,337,155)
Naples (978,399)
Turin (896,773)
Palermo (678,492)
Genoa (592,507)
Bologna (386,181)
Florence (381,037)
Bari (327,361)
Catania (315,601)

Demography

Population pyramid

Age structure data

Estimate for 2020:

0-14 years: 13.45% (male 4,292,431/female 4,097,732)
15-24 years: 9.61% (male 3,005,402/female 2,989,764)
25-54 years: 40.86% (male 12,577,764/female 12,921,614)
55-64 years: 14% (male 4,243,735/female 4,493,581)
65 years and over: 22.08% (male 5,949,560/female 7,831,076)

Remark: the age structure of a population affects a nation’s key socioeconomic issues. Countries with young populations (high percentage under age 15) need to invest more in schools, while countries with older populations (high percentage ages 65 and over) need to invest more in the health sector. The age structure can also be used to help predict potential political issues. For example, the rapid growth of a young adult population unable to find employment can lead to unrest.

Population from 1950 to 2020

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Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2019). World Population Prospects 2019, Online Edition. Rev. 1.

Evolution of the life expectancy from 1960 to 2018

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Source: World Development Indicators, The World Bank

Economy

Agriculture:

fruits, vegetables, grapes, potatoes, sugar beets, soybeans, grain, olives, beef, dairy products, fish

Industries:

tourism, machinery, iron and steel, chemicals, food processing, textiles, motor vehicles, clothing, footwear, ceramics

Exports – commodities:

engineering products, textiles and clothing, production machinery, motor vehicles, transport equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs, beverages, tobacco, minerals, nonferrous metals

Imports – commodities:

engineering products, chemicals, transport equipment, energy products, minerals and nonferrous metals, textiles and clothing, food, beverages, tobacco