Turkmenistan
| Government | |
| Name | Turkmenistan |
| Government type | presidential republic- authoritarian |
| Capital | Ashgabat (727,700) |
| Currency | Turkmen new manat (TMT) |
| Organization | |
| Associate State | Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) |
| People | |
| Population (2020) | 6,031,187 (113th) |
| Density of population | 10.5 P/km2 (221st) |
| Nationality | Turkmenistani |
| Official languages | |
| Turkmen | |
| Ethnic groups (2003) | |
| Turkmen | 85% |
| Uzbek | 5% |
| Russian | 4% |
| other | 6% |
| Religions | |
| Muslim | 89% |
| Eastern Orthodox | 9% |
| unknown | 2% |
| Life expectancy (2020) | |
| Male | 68.2 years |
| Female | 74.5 years |
| Total population | 71.3 years (162nd) |
| Homicides | |
| Total (2006) | 4.2 per 100,000 people (71st) |
| Geography | |
| Land area | 469,930 km2 |
| water area | 18,170 km2 |
| total area | 488,100 km2 (54th) |
| Mean elevation | 230 m |
| Lowest point | |
| Vpadina Akchanaya | -81 m |
| Highest point | |
| Gora Ayribaba | 3,139 m |
| Land use (2011) | |
| Agricultural land | 72% |
| Arable land | 4.1% |
| Permanent crops | 0.1% |
| Permanent pasture | 67.8% |
| Forest | 8.8% |
| Other | 19.2% |
| Urbanization | |
| Urban population (2020) | 52.5% |
| Rate of urbanization | 2.46% annual rate of change (2015 – 2020) |
| Economy | |
| Labor force (2013) | 2.305 million (116th) |
| Labor force by occupation (2004) | |
| Agriculture | 48.2% |
| Industry | 14% |
| Services | 37.8% |
| Unemployment rate (2014) | 11% (149th) |
| GDP (PPP) (estimate 2018) | |
| Total | $112.659 billion |
| Per capita | $19,526 |
| GDP (nominal) (estimate 2018) | |
| Total | $42.764 billion |
| Per capita | $7,411 |
| GDP by sector (estimate 2017) | |
| Agriculture | 7.5% |
| Industry | 44.9% |
| Services | 47.7% |
| Exports (2017) | $7.458 billion (99th) |
| Exports partners (2017) | |
| China | 83.7% |
| Turkey | 5.1% |
| Imports (2017) | $4.571 billion (135th) |
| Imports partners (2017) | |
| Turkey | 24.2% |
| Algeria | 14.4% |
| Germany | 9.8% |
| China | 8.9% |
| Russia | 8% |
| US | 6.6% |
Turkmenistan on the world map
Turkmenistan is located on the Asian continent and more specifically in the region of Central Asia.
Turkmenistan top 10 largest cities
- Ashgabat (727,700)
- Türkmenabat (234,817)
- Daşoguz (166,500)
- Mary (114,680)
- Balkanabat (87,822)
- Baýramaly (75,797)
- Türkmenbaşy (68,292)
- Tejen (67,294)
- Abadan (39,481)
- Magdanly (34,745)
Demography
Population pyramid
Age structure data
Estimate for 2020:
- 0-14 years: 25.44% (male 713,441/female 693,042)
- 15-24 years: 16.48% (male 458,566/female 452,469)
- 25-54 years: 44.14% (male 1,214,581/female 1,226,027)
- 55-64 years: 8.56% (male 221,935/female 251,238)
- 65 years and over: 5.38% (male 129,332/female 167,996)
Remark: the age structure of a population affects a nation’s key socioeconomic issues. Countries with young populations (high percentage under age 15) need to invest more in schools, while countries with older populations (high percentage ages 65 and over) need to invest more in the health sector. The age structure can also be used to help predict potential political issues. For example, the rapid growth of a young adult population unable to find employment can lead to unrest.
Population from 1950 to 2020
Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2019). World Population Prospects 2019, Online Edition. Rev. 1.
Evolution of the life expectancy from 1960 to 2018
Source: World Development Indicators, The World Bank
Economy
Agriculture:
cotton, grain, melons; livestock
Industries:
natural gas, oil, petroleum products, textiles, food processing
Exports – commodities:
gas, crude oil, petrochemicals, textiles, cotton fiber
Imports – commodities:
machinery and equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs
Time zone and current time in Turkmenistan
Go to our interactive map to get the current time in Turkmenistan