Bangladesh

Government
Name	People’s Republic of Bangladesh
Bengali	গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ Gônoprojatontri Bangladesh
Government type	Parliamentary republic
Capital	Dhaka (8,906,039 (2011))
Currency	Bangladeshi taka (BDT)
Organization
Member State	South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) Commonwealth of Nations
People
Population (2020)	164,689,383 (8th)
Density of population	1,106 P/km² (7th)
Nationality	Bangladeshi
Official languages
Bangla (also known as Bengali)
Ethnic groups (2011)
Bengali	98%
Minorities	2%
Religion (2013)
Muslim	89.1%
Hindu	10%
Other	0.9%
Life expectancy (2020)
Male	72 years
Female	76.5 years
Total population	74.2 years (133th)
Homicides
Total (2018)	2.4 per 100,000 people (96th)
Geography
Land area	130,170 km²
water area	18,290 km²
total area	148,460 km² (95th)
Mean elevation	85 m
Lowest point
Indian Ocean	0 m
Highest point
Keokradong	1,230 m
Land use (2016)
Agricultural land	70.1%
Arable land	59%
Permanent crops	6.5%
Permanent pasture	4.6%
Forest	11.1%
Other	18.8%
Urbanization
Urban population (2020)	38.2%
Rate of urbanization	3.17% annual rate of change (2015 – 2020)
Economy
Labor force (2017) note: extensive migration of labor to Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Oman, Qatar and Malaysia	66.64 million (7th)
Agriculture	42.7%
Industry	20.5%
Services	36.9%
Unemployment rate (2017) note: About 40% of the population is underemployed; many counted as employed work only a few hours a week and at low wages	4.4% (58th)
GDP (PPP) (estimate 2020)
Total	$917.805 billion (29th)
Per capita	$5,453 (136th)
GDP (nominal) (estimate 2020)
Total	$347.991 billion (39th)
Per capita	$2,067 (143th)
GDP by sector (estimate 2017)
Agriculture	14.2%
Industry	29.3%
Services	56.5%
Exports (2017)	$35.3 billion (57th)
Exports partners (2017)
Germany	12.9%
US	12.2%
UK	8.7%
Spain	5.3%
France	5.1%
Italy	4.1%
Imports (2017)	$47.56 billion (56th)
Imports partners (2017)
China	21.9%
India	15.3%
Singapore	5.7%

Bangladesh on the world map

Bangladesh top 10 largest cities (2011)

Dhaka (8,906,039)
Chittagong (2,592,439)
Khulna (664,728)
Sylhet (526,412)
Rajshahi (451,425)
Tongi (406,420)
Bogra (400,983)
Mymensingh (389,918)
Barisal (339,308)
Rangpur (307,053)

Demography

Population pyramid

Age structure data

Estimate for 2020:

0-14 years: 26.48% (male 21,918,651/female 21,158,574)
15-24 years: 18.56% (male 15,186,470/female 15,001,950)
25-54 years: 40.72% (male 31,694,267/female 34,535,643)
55-64 years: 7.41% (male 5,941,825/female 6,115,856)
65 years and over: 6.82% (male 5,218,206/female 5,879,411) (2020 est.)

Remark: the age structure of a population affects a nation’s key socioeconomic issues. Countries with young populations (high percentage under age 15) need to invest more in schools, while countries with older populations (high percentage ages 65 and over) need to invest more in the health sector. The age structure can also be used to help predict potential political issues. For example, the rapid growth of a young adult population unable to find employment can lead to unrest.

Population from 1950 to 2020

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Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2019). World Population Prospects 2019, Online Edition. Rev. 1.

Evolution of the life expectancy from 1960 to 2018

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Source: World Development Indicators, The World Bank

Economy

Agriculture:

rice, jute, tea, wheat, sugarcane, potatoes, tobacco, pulses, oilseeds, spices, fruit, beef, milk, poultry

Industries:

jute, cotton, garments, paper, leather, fertilizer, iron and steel, cement, petroleum products, tobacco, pharmaceuticals, ceramics, tea, salt, sugar, edible oils, soap and detergent, fabricated metal products, electricity, natural gas

Exports – commodities:

garments, knitwear, agricultural products, frozen food (fish and seafood), jute and jute goods, leather