Chad
| Government | |
| Name | Republic of Chad |
| French | République du Tchad |
| Arabic | جمهورية تشاد Jumhūrīyat Tishād |
| Government type | Presidential republic |
| Capital | N’Djamena (951,418 (2009)) |
| Currency | Central African CFA franc (XAF) |
| People | |
| Population (2020) | 16,425,859 (71st) |
| Density of population | 8.6 P/km2 |
| Nationality | Chadian |
| Official languages | |
| French | |
| Arabic | |
| Ethnic groups (2014) | |
| Sara (Ngambaye/Sara/Madjingaye/Mbaye) | 30.5% |
| Kanembu/Bornu/Buduma | 9.8% |
| Arab | 9.7% |
| Wadai/Maba/Masalit/Mimi | 7% |
| Gorane | 5.8% |
| Masa/Musseye/Musgum | 4.9% |
| Bulala/Medogo/Kuka | 3.7% |
| Marba/Lele/Mesme | 3.5% |
| Mundang | 2.7% |
| Bidiyo/Migaama/Kenga/Dangleat | 2.5% |
| Dadjo/Kibet/Muro | 2.4% |
| Tupuri/Kera | 2% |
| Gabri/Kabalaye/Nanchere/Somrai | 2% |
| Fulani/Fulbe/Bodore | 1.8% |
| Karo/Zime/Peve | 1.3% |
| Baguirmi/Barma | 1.2% |
| Zaghawa/Bideyat/Kobe | 1.1% |
| Tama/Assongori/Mararit | 1.1% |
| Mesmedje/Massalat/Kadjakse | 0.8% |
| other Chadian ethnicities | 3.4% |
| Chadians of foreign ethnicities | 0.9% |
| foreign nationals | 0.3% |
| unspecified | 1.7% |
| Religions (2014) | |
| Muslim | 52.1% |
| Protestant | 23.9% |
| Roman Catholic | 20% |
| Animist | 0.3% |
| Other Christian | 0.2% |
| None | 2.8% |
| Unspecified | 0.7% |
| Life expectancy (2020) | |
| Male | 56.5 years |
| Female | 60.1 years |
| Total population | 58.3 years (221st) |
| Homicides | |
| n.a. | |
| Geography | |
| Land area | 1,259,200 km2 |
| water area | 24,800 km2 |
| total area | 1,284,000 km2 (22nd) |
| Mean elevation | 543 m |
| Lowest point | |
| Djourab | 160 m |
| Highest point | |
| Emi Koussi | 3,445 m |
| Land use (2011) | |
| Agricultural land | 39.6% |
| Arable land | 3.9% |
| Permanent crops | 0% |
| Permanent pasture | 35.7% |
| Forest | 9.1% |
| Other | 51.3% |
| Urbanization | |
| Urban population (2020) | 23.5% |
| Rate of urbanization | 3.88% annual rate of change (2015 – 2020) |
| Economy | |
| Labor force (2017) | 5.654 million (74th) |
| Labor force by occupation (2006) | |
| Agriculture | 80% |
| Industry | 20% |
| Unemployment rate | – |
| GDP (PPP) (estimate 2018) | |
| Total | $30 billion (123rd) |
| Per capita | $2,428(168th) |
| GDP (nominal) (estimate 2018) | |
| Total | $11 billion (130th) |
| Per capita | $890 (151st) |
| GDP by sector (estimate 2017) | |
| Agriculture | 52.3% |
| Industry | 14.7% |
| Services | 33.1% |
| Exports (2017) | $2.464 billion (132nd) |
| Exports partners (2017) | |
| US | 38.7% |
| China | 16.6% |
| Netherlands | 15.7% |
| UAE | 12.2% |
| India | 6.3% |
| Imports (2017) | $2.16 billion (164th) |
| Imports partners (2017) | |
| China | 19.9% |
| Cameroon | 17.2% |
| France | 17% |
| US | 5.4% |
| India | 4.9% |
| Senegal | 4.5% |
Chad on the world map
Chad top 10 largest cities (2009)
- N’Djaména (951,418)
- Moundou (137,251)
- Abéché (97,963)
- Sarh (97,224)
- Kélo (57,859)
- Am Timan (52,270)
- Doba (49,647)
- Pala (49,461)
- Bongor (44,578)
- Goz Beïda (41,248)
Demography
Population pyramid
Age structure data
Estimate for 2020:
- 0-14 years: 47.43% (male 4,050,505/female 3,954,413)
- 15-24 years: 19.77% (male 1,676,495/female 1,660,417)
- 25-54 years: 27.14% (male 2,208,181/female 2,371,490)
- 55-64 years: 3.24% (male 239,634/female 306,477)
- 65 years and over: 2.43% (male 176,658/female 233,087)
Remark: the age structure of a population affects a nation’s key socioeconomic issues. Countries with young populations (high percentage under age 15) need to invest more in schools, while countries with older populations (high percentage ages 65 and over) need to invest more in the health sector. The age structure can also be used to help predict potential political issues. For example, the rapid growth of a young adult population unable to find employment can lead to unrest.
Population from 1950 to 2020
Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2019). World Population Prospects 2019, Online Edition. Rev. 1.
Evolution of the life expectancy from 1960 to 2018
Source: World Development Indicators, The World Bank
Economy
Agriculture:
cotton, sorghum, millet, peanuts, sesame, corn, rice, potatoes, onions, cassava (manioc, tapioca), cattle, sheep, goats, camels
Industries:
oil, cotton textiles, brewing, natron (sodium carbonate), soap, cigarettes, construction materials
Exports – commodities:
oil, livestock, cotton, sesame, gum arabic, shea butter
Imports – commodities:
machinery and transportation equipment, industrial goods, foodstuffs, textiles
Time zone and current time in Chad
Go to our interactive map to get the current time in Chad